The reasons companies create and maintain accounting systems

The reasons companies create and maintain accounting systems Running a business successfully requires the business owner many skills. One of the necessary skills is the knowledge about the accounting system. The accounting always plays an important role in the financial management of business. Many different accounting aspects affect the business success, so the more the business owners acknowledge the accounting systems, the more chances they get to succeed. There is an old saying in business, you cannot manage what you cannot measure. Therefore, without the accounting system, the business owners cannot find out the most suitable way to run their businesses as successfully as they expect. Without the accounting system, the business owners cannot know the business is really making a profit or a loss. Also, they cannot predict cash flow shortages, and worst of all, they cannot accurately keep track of those slow paying customers. The accounting systems bring many benefits to the business management:: accurate reporting of business transactions, easy access to financial statements, up to date reports in accounting pay and fee, excellent management tool, and minimize problems with IRS and other tax authorities The basic structures of assets, liabilities, and stockholders equity Assets Assets are something valuable that an entity owns, benefits from, or has use of, in generating income; especially that which could be converted to cash. Assets are recorded in the balance sheet. From the accounting perspective, assets are divided into the following categories: current assets (cash, account receivable, and other liquid items), long-term assets (real estate, plant, equipment), prepaid and deferred assets (expenditures for future costs, such as insurance, rent, interest), and intangible assets (trademarks, patents, copyrights, goodwill). Liabilities Liabilities are obligations that legally bind an individual or company to settle a debt for the future payment of assets or the future performance of services that result from past transactions. Liabilities are recorded in the balance sheet. There are two perspectives of liabilities: Current liabilities: expected to be satisfied within one year or the normal operating cycle, whichever is longer Long-term liabilities: due beyond one year or beyond the normal operating cycle. Stockholders equity Stockholders equity represents the claims by the owners of a business to the assets of the business. Stockholders equity is residual equity that remains after deducting liabilities from assets. Stockholders equity could be paid in capital, donated capital or retained earnings ( not yet paid out by the company). Relationships of assets, liabilities, stockholders equity Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders equity The above formula describes the relationships of three major parts of accounting. Total of liabilities and stockholders equity is assets. The four basic financial statements Income statement The income statement reports the success or failure of the companys operations for a period of time. Financial users are interested in net income because it provides useful information for predicting future net income. Investors buy and sell stock based on their beliefs about the companys future performance. Creditors also use income statement to predict future earnings. The net income equals to the revenues subtract the expenses: Net income = Revenues Expenses. In addition, amounts received from issuing stock are not revenues, and amounts paid out as dividends are not expenses. Retain earnings statement The retain earnings statement shows the amounts and causes of changes in retain earnings during the period. The time period is the same with the period of income statement. The first line in retain earnings statement is the beginning retain earnings amount, then the company adds net income and subtracts dividends to have the retain earnings at the end of period. Balance sheet The balance sheet reports assets and claims of assets (liabilities and stockholders equity). According to the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders equity Assets must balance with the claims of assets. Statement of cash flows This statement provides the financial information about the cash receipt and cash payments of a business for a specific period of time. It reports the cash effects of a companys operating, investing, and financing activities to help financial users. The financial users are interested in the statement of cash flows because they want to know what is happening to a companys most important resources. The difference between net income and cash flow statements Many things that affect the cash flow of a business are not directly related to its income statement. For example, a company buys a new truck; the cash outlay affects the cash flow statement, but the truck is considered as an asset in the balance sheet. It will start to hit the income statement in small pieces when the company depreciates it. Moreover, the income statement is updated with any sales made or revenues earned as soon as the deal is done, and payments for such sales may be actually received much later. Therefore, though the income statement shows profits and the entrepreneur has made money, it is not yet available as cash flow and cannot be spent. Closing statement At the end of accounting period, the balances is temporary accounts are transferred to an income statement and retain earnings statement, thereby resetting the balance of the temporary accounts to zero to begin the next accounting period. Accountants close temporary accounts to permanent accounts because permanent accounts (assets, liabilities, and the owners capital account) always the starting balance in the subsequent accounting period. When an accountant closes an account, the account balance returns to zero. Starting with zero balances in the temporary accounts each year makes it easier to track revenues, expenses and to compare from one year to the next.

Art of Living Essay

I remember when I was young, I’ve been wondering why people are living? Why we exist? Why do all these stuffs are here on earth? There are lots of questions filled up my mind yet I found no answer. I can’t think enough for these, I need answers; I have to know what is really the reason of one’s existence. I am very much sure that in millions or billions of people who are living, it’s not only me who became curious on this matter. Many of us are wondering but only few have really the intention to know. Knowledge on self exists; but sincere seekers are rare. We people are used to the concept of ‘routine’ that we do daily activities systematically and so we better not bother ourselves asking and just do what we have to do. But in the end of the day, you’ll still ask who am I? We all know that life is subjected to four laws: birth, disease, old age and death but letting go, and paying attention to what is always present naturally allows this divine life to overtake your existence. Existence of something does not only ends with the point that it exists but to what purpose and position it stands for. We people came from the Superior Soul, our God who has given us the life. We have a superior therefore we are the inferior. We are dominated and controlled as our position here. And our natural function is to render loving service to God as we serve in this world. Somebody told me there are two kinds of world: the material world which is made up of matter and subjected to perish, a world where nothing is permanent; and secondly the spiritual world or the â€Å"Kingdom of God† where there’s no night or day and full of bliss. Now, we are already living in the first kind of world, the question is how can we be in the second world? And that’s simply by being conscious or aware, the things being portrayed by Sat-Chit-Ananda and doing our real purpose which is to follow him and his instructions. Being a Christian we are told of two major instructions. The first and foremost is â€Å"Love God with all your heart, mind and entire being† and the next is â€Å"Love your neighbors even your enemies† Loving your enemies is something near impossible but not doing it is what we call ‘false Christianity’. For us to follow Him and do His instructions there must be selflessness or God-consciousness within us, and  one of the best things that shows selflessness is something portrayed in art works. Some would say, art is a way of expressing oneself but it’s not mostly like that. We would be selfish not selfless if we will make an art just to express our views, yet an artwork would be something great if it would be a catalyst of peace and other environmental issues. An artwork is beautiful because of its purpose that must connive with the natural function of the artist as a man-to serve God. We don’t just live here, we exist for a purpose and that is the art of living.

Behavior Management versus Classroom Management

We sometimes make the mistake of interchanging the terms behavior management and classroom management. The two terms are related, one might even say intertwined, but they are different. Classroom management means creating systems that support the kind of positive behavior across a classroom. Behavior management is made strategies and systems that will manage and eliminate difficult behaviors that prevent students from succeeding in an academic environment. A Continuum of Management Strategies and RTI Response To Intervention is built on universal assessment and universal instruction followed by more targeted interventions, Tier 2 which applies research-based strategies, and finally Tier 3, which applies intensive interventions. Response to Intervention also applies to behavior, though since our students have already been identified, they do not participate in RTI. Still, the strategies for our students will be the same. in RTI are universal interventions. This is where classroom management is applied. Positive Behavior Support is about planning for your students to succeed. When we fail to plan . . . we plan to fail. Positive behavior support puts reinforcement in place ahead of time, with explicit identification of preferred behavior and reinforcement. By having these things in place, you avoid the poisonous reactive responses, the Cant you do anything right? or What do you think you are doing? Reactive measures present the danger if not the certainty that you will sour relationships with your students without really solving the problem (or lead to a decrease in the unwanted behavior.) Classroom Management Strategies, to succeed, must include: Consistency: Rules must be reinforced consistently, and reinforcement (rewards) must be delivered consistently and quickly. No changing the rules: If a child earns a five-minute break on the computer, dont take it away because you didnt like how they behaved in line on the way to lunch.Contingency: Students need to understand how consequences and rewards are related to behavior. Clearly define how the consequence or the reward are contingent on the classroom behavior or performance that is expected.No Drama. Delivering a consequence should never involve negative speech or snarky response. Classroom Management Classroom Management Strategies needed to successfully manage your classroom need to include I. Structure: Structure includes rules, visual schedules, classroom job charts, and the way your organize the desks ( Seating Plans) and how you store or provide access to materials. Rules.Seating Plans that support the instruction that you will be using. Rows will not facilitate small group instruction, but islands or clusters may not facilitate the kind of attention you may want for large group instruction.Visual Schedules , everything from sticker charts to encourage work completion to visual daily schedules to support transitions. II. Accountability: You want to make your students accountable for their behavior as a structural underpinning of your management plan. There are a number of straightforward methods to create systems for accountability. A Behavior Chart for a Classroom.Sticker Charts to manage breaks and workflow.A Token System. This will also appear under reinforcement, but it creates a visual way for students to account for completed work. III. Reinforcement: Reinforcement will range from praise to break time. How you reinforce your students work will depend on your students. Some will respond well to secondary reinforcers, like praise, privileges and having their name on a certificate or an honors board. Other students may need more concrete reinforcement, such as access to preferred activities, even food ( for children for whom secondary reinforcement doesnt work. Behavior Management Behavior management refers to managing problem behaviors from specific children. It is helpful to do some Triage to decide what behaviors are creating the most challenges to success in your classroom. Is the problem a specific child, or is it a problem with your classroom management plan? I have found that in many cases addressing a cluster of problem behaviors with a specific strategy may resolve some difficulties while at the same time teaching the replacement behavior. I had ongoing problems with appropriate behavior at group, which I use not only for calendar, but also to support language, instruction, and compliance. I created a time out for reinforcement chart, which has provided the right amount of feedback and consequence to motivate my students to evaluate and improve group behavior At the same time the behaviors of specific students demanded attention and intervention as well. While addressing group issues, it is equally important to address and intervene with individual students. There are a number of different strategies to use to teach the replacement behavior. Behavior management requires two kinds of interventions: proactive and reactive. Proactive approaches involve teaching the replacement, or desired behavior. Proactive approaches involve creating lots of opportunities to use the replacement behavior and reinforce them. Reactive approaches involve creating consequences or punishment for the undesired behavior. Even though the best way to create the behavior you desire is reinforce the replacement behavior, extinguishing a behavior is often not possible in a classroom setting. You need to provide some negative consequences in order to avoid seeing peers adopt a problem behavior because they only see the positive results of the behavior, whether it is tantrumming or work refusal. In order to create successful interventions and to create a Behavior Improvement Plan, there are a number of strategies that will provide success: Positive Strategies Social Narratives: Creating a social narrative that models the replacement behavior with the target student can be a powerful way to remind them of what the replacement behavior should look like. Students love having these social narrative books, and they have proven (Theres lots of data) to be effective in changing behavior.Behavior Contracts A behavior contract will lay out the expected behaviors and both the reward and consequences for specific behaviors. I have found behavior contracts to be an essential part of success, since it involves parents.Home Notes. This might be considered parts of both proactive and reactive responses. Still, providing parents ongoing feedback and providing hourly feedback to students makes this a powerful tool to focus on the desired behavior. Reactive Strategies Consequences. A good system of logical consequences help teach the behavior you want and put everyone on notice that some behaviors are not acceptable.Removal. Part of a reactive plan should include moving children with aggressive or dangerous behavior to another setting with an adult to be sure that education programming continues. Isolation is used in some places, but is increasingly being proscribed by law. It is also ineffective.Time out from Reinforcement. There are several ways to administer a time out from reinforcement plan that does not remove the child from the classroom and exposes them to instruction.Response Cost. Response cost can be used with a token chart, but not necessarily for all children. It works best with students who clearly understand the contingent relationship between the token chart and receiving reinforcement.

Persuasive Essay On Organ Donation - 1410 Words

Alec Peltekian Ms. Branin Honors English 11, Period 3 5/31/17 As one life ends a new beginning is created for another. Thousands of lives are saved each year in the United States alone just by organ donation. With each donor passing away and donating their organs to those in peril, children with heart conditions or adults with liver disease are given another chance to live a new healthy life. It is the definition of charity and it gives so many desperate people the hope they need. However, such a beautiful and giving process can be quickly altered into a dark process for those involved with the Black Market. Many types or organs, often stolen from unsuspecting victims of Dark Web crime, are sold on the Black Market for large amounts†¦show more content†¦This is the exact opposite reason for those operating along the evil networks of the Dark Web. The Web’s main priority is to make high risk deals and investments to bring the highest reward for its salespersons. The risk is run so high that is breaks all governing bodies’ laws in the process. Sites have been known to sell illegal organs for large sums of money including a â€Å" heart [that] will set you back $65,000† (VICE 6). The purchase is simply just this immense fortune and no insurance or paperwork for the exchange. As stated before, the purpose of this method is strictly making money. The Dark Web is its own sick and twisted economy for those willing to do what it takes for money. Doctors must consider and weigh the ethical background of how they receive every organ from a willing donor, or unsuspecting victim. Another legitimate concern in this field, is where the organ came from and the security one has knowing that it came from a healthy and well-suited environment. If the organ was put under harmful stress by the previous human, the organ might fail to function correctly. This is why organ donation keeps a large sample size when it comes to the volunteer pool. 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